Consider the following C program:

#include <stdio.h>

int counter = 0;

int calc (int a, int b) {
    int c;

    counter++;
    if (b==3) return (a*a*a) ;
    else  {
         c = calc (a, b/3) ;
         return (c*c*c) ;
    }
}

int main ()  {
    calc (4, 81);
    printf ("%d", counter) ;
}

The output of this program is ______.

Consider the following C program.

#include <stdio.h>
struct Outnode { 
    char x, y, z ; 
};

int main () { 
    struct Ournode p = {'1', '0', 'a'+2} ; 
    struct Ournode *q = &p ; 
    printf ("%c, %c", *((char*)q+1), *((char*)q+2)) ; 
    return 0 ; 
} 

The output of this program is

Consider the following C program:

#include<stdio.h> 

void fun1(char *s1, char *s2)  { 
     char *tmp;  
     tmp = s1; 
     s1 = s2; 
     s2 = tmp; 
} 

void fun2(char **s2, char **s2)  { 
     char *tmp; 
     tmp = *s1; 
     *s1 = *s2; 
     *s2 = tmp; 
}

int main ()  { 
     char *str1 = "Hi", *str2 = "Bye"; 
     fun1(str1, str2);     printf("%s %s", str1, str2); 
     fun2(&str1, &str2);   printf("%s %s", str1, str2); 
     return 0; 
} 

The output of the program above is

Consider the following C code. Assume that unsigned long int type length is 64 bits.

        unsigned long int fun(unsigned long int n)  { 
            unsigned long int i, j, j=0, sum = 0; 
            for (i = n; i > 1; i = i/2) j++; 
            for ( ; j > 1; j = j/2) sum++; 
            return sum; 
        } 

Consider the following program written in pseudo-code. Assume that x and y are integers.

Count (x, y)  {
    if (y != 1)  {
        if (x != 1)  {
            print("*") ;
            Count (x/2, y) ;
        }
        else  {
             y = y - 1 ; 
             Count (1024, y) ; 
        }
    }
}

The number of times that the print statement is executed by the call Count(1024, 1024) is ______.

Consider the following C code:

             #include <stdio.h>
             int *assignval(int *x, int val)   {
                  *x = val;
                  return x;
             }

             void main ( )  {
                  int  *x = malloc(sizeof(int));
                  if(NULL == x)  return;
                     x = assignval(x, 0);
                     if(x)  {
                           x = (int *)malloc(size of(int));
                           if(NULL == x)  return;
                              x = assignval(x, 10);
                     }
                     printf("%dn",  *x);
                     free(x);
              }

The code suffers from which one of the following problems:

Consider the following two functions.

void fun1(int n)   {                 void fun2(int n)   {
        if(n == 0)  return;                  if(n == 0)  return;
        printf("%d", n);                     printf("%d", n);
        fun2(n - 2);                         fun1(++n);
        printf("%d", n);                     printf("%d", n);
}                                    }

The output printed when fun1(5) is called is

Consider the C functions foo and bar given below:

         int foo(int val)   {
                 int x = 0;
                 while (val>0)   {
                    x = x + foo(val--); 
                 }
                 return val;
               }

               int bar(int val)   {
                  int x = 0;
                  while (val>0)   {
                      x = x + bar(val-1);
                  }
                  return val;
               }

Invocations of foo(3) and bar(3) will result in:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

void printlength (char*s, char*t)   {
   unsigned int c = 0;
   int len = ((strlen(s) - strlen(t)) > c) ? strlen(s):strlen(t);
   printf("%d\n", len);
}

void main ()  { 
   char*x = "abc";
   char*y = "defgh";
   printlength(x,y);
}

The output of executing the following C program is __________.

           #include<stdio.h>
           int total (int v)   {
               static int count=0;
               while(v)   {
                   count += v&1;
                   v ≫= 1;
               }     
               return count;
           }

           void main()    {
               static int x = 0;
               int i = 5;
               for(; 1> 0; i--)    {
                  x = x + total(i);
               }
               printf("%d\n", x);
           }

Match the following:

Consider the following function implemented in C:

void printxy (int x, int y)   {
      int *ptr;
      x = 0;
      ptr = &x;
      y = *ptr;
      *ptr = 1;
      printf("%d,%d",x,y);
}

The output of invoking printxy(1, 1) is

Consider the C program fragment below which is meant to divide x and y using repeated subtractions. The variables x, y, q and r are all unsigned int.

          while (r >= y)  {
              r = r - y;
              q = q + 1;
          }

Which of the following conditions on the variables x, y, q and r before the execution of the fragment will ensure that the loop terminates in a state satisfying the condition x == (y*q + r)?

Consider the following snippet of a C program. Assume that swap(&x, &y)  exchanges the contents of x and y.

int main ()  {
      int array[] = {3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2};
      int done = 0;
      int i;

      while (done == 0)  {
           done = 1;
           for (i=0; i<=4; i++)  {
                if (array[i] < array[i+1])  {
                       swap (&array[i], &array[i+1]);
                       done = 0;
                }
           }
           for (i=5; i>=1; i--)  {
                if (array[i] > array[i-1])   {
                      swap(&array[i], &array[i-1]);
                      done=0;
                }
           }
       }
       printf("%d", array[3]);
}

The output of the program is ___________.

#include
int main () {
    int m=10;
    int n, n1;
    n=++m;
    n1=m++;
    n--;
    --n1;
    n-=n1;
    printf(“%d”, n);
    return 0;
}

Consider the following C program.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main ()  {
  char* c = "GATECSIT2017";
  char* p = c;
  printf("%d", (int) strlen (c + 2[p] - 6[p] - 1));
  return 0;
}

The output of the program is __________.

Consider the following C program.

void f(int, short);
void main ()
{
     int i = 100;
     short s = 12;
     short *p = &s;
     __________ ;         // call to f()
}

Which one of the following expressions, when placed in the blank above, will NOT result in a type checking error?

Consider the following C program.

#include<stdio.h>
void mystery(int *ptra, int *ptrb) {
      int *temp;
      temp = ptrb;
      ptrb = ptra;
      ptra = temp;
}
int main() {
      int a=2016, b=0, c=4, d=42;
      mystery(&a, &b);
      if (a < c)
             mystery(&c, &a);
      mystery(&a, &d);
      printf("%d\n", a);
}

The output of the program is ________.

The following function computes the maximum value contained in an integer array p[] of size n (n >= 1).

       int max(int *p, int n) {
           int a=0, b=n-1;
           
           while (__________) {
               if (p[a] <= p[b]) {a = a+1;}
               else                 {b = b-1;}
           }

           return p[a];
       }

The missing loop condition is

What will be the output of the following C program?

void count(int n)  {
     static int d=1;

     printf("%d ", n);
     printf("%d ", d);
     d++;
     if(n>1) count(n-1);
     printf("%d ", d);
}

void main() {
     count(3);
}

What will be the output of the following pseudo-code when parameters are passed by reference and dynamic scoping is assumed?

       a=3;
       void n(x) {x = x * a; print(x);}
       void m(y) {a = 1; a = y - a; n(a); print(a);}
       void main() {m(a);}

The value printed by the following program is __________.

     void f(int* p, int m) {
        m = m + 5;
        *p = *p + m;
        return;
     }

     void main() {
        int i=5, j=10;
        f(&i, j);
        printf("%d", i+j);
     }

The following function computes X^Y for positive integers X and Y.

       int exp (int X, int Y) {
           int res = 1, a = X, b = Y;

           while ( b != 0 ){
               if ( b%2 == 0) { a = a*a; b = b/2; }
               else           { res = res*a; b = b-1; }
           }
           return res;

        }

Which one of the following conditions is TRUE before every iteration of the loop?

Consider the following program:

    int f(int *p, int n)
    {
       if (n <= 1) return 0;
       else return max (f(p+1,n-1),p[0]-p[1]);
    }

    int main()
    {
       int a[] = {3,5,2,6,4};
       printf("%d", f(a,5));
    }

The value printed by this program is __________.

void f1 (int a, int b)
{
  int c;
  c=a; a=b; b=c;
}
void f2 (int *a, int *b)
{
  int c;
  c=*a; *a=*b;*b=c;
}
int main()
{
  int a=4, b=5, c=6;
  f1(a, b);
  f2(&b, &c);
  printf (“%d”, c-a-b);
  return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{ 
   unsigned int x[4][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, 
                           {7, 8, 9}, {10, 11, 12}};
   printf("%u, %u, %u", x+3, *(x+3), *(x+2)+3);
}

begin
   q := 0
   r := x
while r >= y do
   begin
      r := r – y
      q := q + 1
   end
end

while (first <= last)
{
   if (array [middle] < search)
      first = middle +1;
   else if (array [middle] == search)
      found = True;
   else last = middle – 1;
   middle = (first + last)/2;
}
if (first < last) not Present = True;

int fun1 (int n)
{
   int i, j, k, p, q = 0;
   for (i = 1; i<n; ++i)
   {
      p = 0;
      for (j = n; j > 1; j = j/2)
         ++p;
      for (k = 1; k < p; k = k*2)
         ++q;
   }
   return q;
}

The procedure given below is required to find and replace certain characters inside an input character string supplied in array A. The characters to be replaced are supplied in array oldc, while their respective replacement characters are supplied in array newc. Array A has a fixed length of five characters, while arrays oldc and newc contain three characters each. However, the procedure is flawed

void find_and_replace(char *A, char *oldc, char *newc) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
       for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
           if (A[i] == oldc[j]) A[i] = newc[j];
}

The procedure is tested with the following four test cases (1) oldc = "abc", newc = "dab" (2) oldc = "cde", newc = "bcd" (3) oldc = "bca", newc = "cda" (4) oldc = "abc", newc = "bac" The tester now tests the program on all input strings of length five consisting of characters ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’ and ‘e’ with duplicates allowed. If the tester carries out this testing with the four test cases given above, how many test cases will be able to capture the flaw?

int f (int n) {
    if (n <= 1) return 1;
    else if (n % 2  ==  0) return f(n/2);
    else return f(3n - 1);
}

#include <stdio.h>
int main ()    {
    int sum = 0, maxsum = 0,  i,  n = 6;
    int a [] = {2, -2, -1, 3, 4, 2};
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)    {
            if (i == 0 || a [i]  < 0  || a [i] < a [i - 1])  {
                     if (sum > maxsum) maxsum = sum;
                     sum = (a [i] > 0) ? a [i] : 0;
            }
            else sum += a [i];
    }
    if (sum > maxsum) maxsum = sum ;
    printf ("%dn", maxsum);

}

 int i ;
program main ()
{
    int j = 60;
    i = 50;
    call f (i, j);
    print i, j;
}
procedure f (x, y)
{           
    i = 100;
    x = 10;
    y = y + i ;
}

 int i ;
program main ()
{
    i = 10;
    call f();
}

procedure f()
{   
    int i = 20;
    call g ();
}
procedure g ()
{   
    print i;
}

subroutine swap(ix,iy)
     it = ix
L1 : ix = iy
L2 : iy = it
end
  ia = 3
  ib = 8
  call swap (ia, 1b+5)
  print *, ia, ib
end

 #include <stdio.h>
struct test {
               int i;
               char *c;
}st[] = {5, "become", 4, "better", 6, "jungle", 8, "ancestor", 7, "brother"};
main ()
{ 
    struct test *p = st;
    p += 1;
    ++p -> c;
    printf("%s,", p++ -> c);
    printf("%c,", *++p -> c);
    printf("%d,", p[0].i);
    printf("%s n", p -> c);
}

#include
void swap (int *x, int *y)
{
    static int *temp;
    temp = x;
    x = y;
    y = temp;
}
void printab ()
{
    static int i, a = -3, b = -6;
    i = 0;
    while (i <= 4)
    {
        if ((i++)%2 == 1) continue;
        a = a + i;
        b = b + i;
    }
    swap (&a, &b);
    printf("a =  %d, b = %dn", a, b);
}
main()
{
    printab();
    printab();
}

 #include
int a1[] = {6, 7, 8, 18, 34, 67};
int a2[] = {23, 56, 28, 29};
int a3[] = {-12, 27, -31};
int *x[] = {a1, a2, a3};
void print(int *a[])
{
            printf("%d,", a[0][2]);
            printf("%d,", *a[2]);
            printf("%d,", *++a[0]);
            printf("%d,", *(++a)[0]);
            printf("%dn", a[-1][+1]);
}
main()
{
             print(x);
}

 int func(int m, int n)
{
    if (E) return 1;
    else return(func(m -1, n) + func(m - 1, n - 1));
}

int anagram (char *a, char *b) {
int count [128], j;
for (j = 0;  j < 128; j++) count[j] = 0;
j = 0;
while (a[j] && b[j]) {
A;
B;
}
for (j = 0; j < 128; j++) if (count [j]) return 0;
return 1;
}

1. a[i] ≥ b [i] => c[2i] ≥ a [i]
2. a[i] ≥ b [i] => c[2i] ≥ b [i]
3. a[i] ≥ b [i] => c[2i] ≤ a [i]
4. a[i] ≥ b [i] => c[2i] ≤ b [i]

A program attempts to generate as many permutations as possible of the string, 'abcd' by pushing the characters a, b, c, d in the same order onto a stack, but it may pop off the top character at any time. Which one of the following strings CANNOT be generated using this program?

#include<stdio.h>
#define ROW 4
#define COL 4
int M[ROW][COL] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16};
main()
{
    int i, j, t;
    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
    {
        X
    }
    for (1 = 0; i < 4; ++i)
        for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
            printf ("%d", M[i][j]);
}

#include <stdio.h>
int funcf (int x);
int funcg (int y);

main()
{
    int x = 5, y = 10, count;
    for (count = 1; count <= 2; ++count)
    {
        y += funcf(x) + funcg(x);
        printf ("%d ", y);
    }
}

funcf(int x)
{
    int y;
    y = funcg(x);
    return (y);
}

funcg(int x)
{
    static int y = 10;
    y += 1;
    return (y+x);
}

#include <stdio.h>
void wrt_it (void);
int main (void)
{
    printf("Enter Text"); 
    printf ("n");
    wrt_ it();
    printf ("n");
    return 0;
}
void wrt_it (void)
{
    int c;
    if (?1)
        wrt_it();
    ?2
}

#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct 
{
    char *a;
    char *b;
} t;
void f1(t s);
void f2(t *p);
main()
{
    static t s = {"A", "B"};
    printf ("%s %sn", s.a, s.b);
    f1(s);
    printf ("%s %sn", s.a, s.b);
    f2(&s);
}
void f1(t s)
{
    s.a = "U";
    s.b = "V";
    printf ("%s %sn", s.a, s.b);
    return;
}
void f2(t *p)
{
    p -> a  = "V";
    p -> b = "W";
    printf("%s %sn", p -> a, p -> b);
    return;
}

Class P
{
    void f(int i)
    {
        print(i);
    }
}

Class Q subclass of P
{
    void f(int i)
    {
        print(2*i);
    }
}

P x = new Q();
Q y = new Q();
P z = new Q();
x.f(1); ((P)y).f(1); z.f(1);

Consider the C program shown below.

Given the programming constructs (i) assignment (ii) for loops where the loop parameter cannot be changed within the loop (iii) if-then-else (iv) forward go to (v) arbitrary go to (vi) non-recursive procedure call (vii) recursive procedure/function call (viii) repeat loop, which constructs will you not include in a  programming  language  such  that  it  should  be  possible  to  program  the terminates (i.e., halting) function in the same programming language.