Everything in the switch will be executed, because there is no break; statement after case ‘A’. So it executes all the subsequent statements until it find a break;
So,
→ Choice A
→ Choice B. No choice. Is the output.

Hence
4 2
6 2
2 0

Line 1 replaced by auto int a=1;
Line 2 replaced by register int a=2;
In main there will be no change if it is static or auto because of a+=1 the auto variable a is updated to 2 from 1.
In prtfun ( ), register makes a difference.
For first print statement a is updated to 4 & prints 4, 2.
But now it is not a static variable to retain the value of a to 4. So it becomes 2, when second function call takes place & prints 4, 2 again. There is no change in b, it acts like a local variable.
Hence,
4 2
4 2
2 0.

p is the starting address of array.
p[3] - p[1] = 4, and p+4 will be pointing to the fifth position in the array 'c'. So printf starts printing from 2 and prints 2011.

∴ 1+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+1+0 = 2

∴ 5+4+3+0 = 12

Both pointers points to j = 1
now *p = 2
where j is updated with value 2.
printf (i, j) i = 0, j = 2

int a[ ] = {12, 7, 13, 4, 11, 6}
if (n <= 0)
return 0;
else if (*a % 2 = = 0)
return *a + f(a+1, n-1);
else
return *a – f(a+1, n-1);


⇒12+(7-(13-(4+(11-(6)))))
⇒12+(7-(13-(4+5)))
⇒12+7-(4)
⇒12+3
⇒15

int x=15;
printf(fun(5,&x));
The code is implemented using Tail Recursion.
fun(5,15)
↓
fun(4,15)
↓
fun(3,15)
↓
fun(2,15)
↓
fun(1,15)
→ First we will trace fun(1,15) which returns 1.
→ Then trace fun(2,15) using fun(1,15) value, it returns 2.
→ Then fun(3,15), it returns 3≃(1+2)
→ Then fun(4,15), it returns 5=(2+3)
→ Then fun(5,15), it returns 8=(3+5)
If you call fun(6,15) then it will return 13=(5+8)
Here fun(n,*x)≃fun(n-1,&x)+fun(n-2,&x), where fun(n-1,&x) is storing in variable ‘t’ & fun(n-2,&x) is storing in variable x(*f-p).
∴ The program is nth Fibonacci number.

Required final output value of a=4.
→ We can directly eliminate the options B & C, because none of the variable can assign a value 4.
→ Given explanation is
a=(x>y)?((x>z)?x:z):((y>z)?y:z)
Option A:
x=3; y=4; z=2
a=(3>4)?⇒No
Then evaluate second expression⇒(4>2)?Yes
⇒a=y
a=4 (True)
Option D:
x=5; y=4; z=5
a=(5>4)⇒Yes
Then evaluate first expression ⇒ (5>5)? No
⇒ a=z ⇒ a=5 (Not true)
⇒Answer is Option A.

f(c,b,a)
f(c,&c,&(&c))=f(4,4,4)
c is 4, b is a pointer pointing address of a, a is a pointer to pointer of c. Hence both b and c are pointing to same memory address i.e., a.
Hence whatever increment operation happens in f, it happens/ reflects on same value i.e., a.
**ppz+=1;
z=**ppz; //z=5
These steps update it to 5 and stored in z.
*py+=2; //changes c to 7, x is unchanged.
y=*py; //y=7
It updates to 7 and stored in y.
x+=3 //x is incremented by 3.
returns x+y+z=7+7+5=19

void reverse(void)
{
int c;
if(?1) reverse( );
?2
}
main( )
{
printf(“Enter Text”);
printf(“\n”);
reverse( );
printf(“\n”);
}
We can simply eliminate A & B for ?2.
& Hence
?1 is ((c=getchar( )) != ‘\n’)
?2 is putchar(c);

Both functions perform same operation, so output is same, means either (B) or (C) is correct.
f1(2) = 2*f1(1) + 3*f1(0) = 2
f1(3) = 2*f1(2) + 3*f1(1) = 2*2 + 3*1 = 7
f1(4) = 2*f1(3) + 3*f1(2) = 2*7 + 3*2 = 20
f1(5) = 2*f1(4) + 3*f1(3) = 2*20 + 3*7 = 40 + 21 = 61
We can skip after this as the only remaining choice is (C).
f1(6) = 2*f1(5) + 3*f1(4) = 2*61 + 3*20 = 122 + 60 = 182
f1(7) = 2*f1(6) + 3*f1(5) = 2*182 + 3*61 = 364 + 183 = 547
f1(8) = 2*f1(7) + 3*f1(6) = 2*547 + 3*182 = 1094 + 546 = 1640

As the base address or starting of the string "Null" is placed. So while reading array if Null comes it assumes that this is the end of array. So, it terminates here only.

"If (num1 ≥ num2)
{Swap3 (&num1, &num2) ; }"
Statement is true, so call by reference will be performed and the value of num1 and num2 will get exchanged.

Note that there are two variables named 'i', with different scope.
First for loop will run for i = 0, 2 and 4 as i is incremented twice and resultant array will be 'a' = 2, 2, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Loop will terminate at i = 4.
After that value of 'i' will become '3' as there is a decrement operation after for loop.
Next for loop is running for j = 7, 6, 5 and corresponding 'i' values which is a local variable inside for loop will be
3(7/2), 3(6/2), 2(5/2)
Array after this for loop will be
a = 2, 2, 3, 2, 5, 6, 2, 8.
After the loop, current 'i' value is 3 and elements at a[3] = 2.

*p = a[0][0] = a
*(p+2) = a[0][1] = b
*(p+4) = a[0][2] = c
*(p+1) = a[1][0] = d
*(p+3) = a[1][1] = e
*(p+5) = a[1][2] = f

So, after traversing the tree we get:
10101101

P1 prints same as the original program.
But P2 prints the reverse of original sequence printed by original program.

We need to evaluate f(5)
f(5) = f(3) + 2
f(3) = f(2) + 5 (where r is static and value of r=5)
f(2) = f(1) + 5
f(1) = f(0) + 5
f(0) = 1
⟹ f(5) = 1+5+5+5+2 = 18

S2:
We may get the segmentation fault if the pointer values are constant (i.e., px or py) (or) (px or py) are points to a memory location is invalid.
S4:
Swap procedure can be implemented correctly but not for all input pointers because arithmetic overflow may occur based on input values.

int ( * f) (int * )
→ A pointer to a function which takes integer as a pointer and return an integer value.

When a function is called before its declaration then it leads to compiler error.

Int a=2048, Sum=0
⇒ foo (a, sum) = foo (2048,0)
⇒ n == 2048
⇒ k = n%10 = 2048%10 = 8
⇒ j = n/10 = 2048/10 = 204
Sum = Sum+k = 0+8 = 8
foo(j, sum) = foo(204, 8)
⇒ n=204
k = n%10 = 204%10 = 4
j = n/10 = 204/10 = 20
sum = sum+k = 12+0 = 12
foo(j, sum) =foo(2,12)
⇒ n=2
k = n%10 = 2%10 = 2
j = n/10 = 2/10 = 0
sum = 14
foo(0,14) ⇒ n==0
printf("%d", k) ⇒ k = 2, 0, 4, 8
After foo( ) statement one more printf statement is there then if print 0 after all digits of n.
2, 0, 4, 8, 0.

Option A:
Here parameters passed by value in C then there is no change in the values.
Option B:
Here values are not swap.
Here parameters are passed by address in C.
Option C:
It is false. Return value is not valid for exchanging the variables.
Option D:
It is correct.
We cannot use swap(x,y) because parameters are passed by value.
Only exchanging the values (or) variables are passing their address and then modify the content with the help of dereferencing operator(*).

The value return by f(1) = 7

Let us consider below line inside the for loop p[i] = s[length — i]; For i = 0, p[i] will be s[6 — 0] and s[6] is ‘\0’ So p[0] becomes ‘\0’. It doesn’t matter what comes in p[1], p[2]….. as P[0] will not change for i >0. Nothing is printed if we print a string with first character ‘\0’

Given code is same as Euclid's Algorithm for finding Greatest Common Divisor(GCD).

Take n=4, so Two log_n=4
Now Trace the code,
for (k=3; k<=n; k++)
A[k]=0; // A[3]=0
A[4]=0
for (k=2; k<=Two log_n; k++)
for(j=k+1; j<=n; j++)
A[j] = A[j] // (j%k); // A[3] = 0 // I=1
A[4] = 0 // I=1
for (j=3; j<=n; j++)
if (!A[j]) printf("%d", j);
// if (!1) means if (0), so printf will never execute
Hence, Option (D) is the answer.

In main function x=5; it is global array
p(&x) it goes to P( ) function
y=5
x=5+2=7;
Q(x)
z=7
z=7+5=12(Print+z→I)
comes to P( )
*y=7-1=6
x=7(Print x→II)
comes to main ( ),
print x=*y=6 (print x→III)
Output: 12 7 6

In C Language a function can create activation record from the created function stack.

The given code represents an array of s[ ], in this each element is a pointer to structure of type node.

short [5] = 5×2 = 10
max[float, long] = max [4, 8] = 8
Total = short[5] + max[float,long] = 10 + 8 = 18

At i=0; count=0
i=1; count=1
i=2; count=3
i=3; count=6
i=4; count=10
It return count value is 10.

Try for (3,2,2), it will go for infinite loop.