topic – RBR

Disk-Scheduling

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Question 1

Consider the following five disk access requests of the form (request id, cylinder number) that are present in the disk scheduler queue at a given time.
(P, 155), (Q, 85), (R, 110), (S, 30), (T, 115)
Assume the head is positioned at cylinder 100. The scheduler follows Shortest Seek Time First scheduling to service the requests.
Which one of the following statements is FALSE?

A	The head reverses its direction of movement between servicing of Q and P.
B	T is serviced before P.
C	R is serviced before P.
D	Q is serviced after S, but before T.

Operating-Systems Disk-Scheduling GATE 2020

Question 1 Explanation:

(P,155)(Q,85)(R,110)(S,30)(T,115)

Question 2

Consider a storage disk with 4 platters (numbered as 0, 1, 2 and 3), 200 cylinders (numbered as 0, 1, … , 199), and 256 sectors per track (numbered as 0, 1, … 255). The following 6 disk requests of the form [sector number, cylinder number, platter number] are received by the disk controller at the same time:

[120, 72, 2], [180, 134, 1], [60, 20, 0], [212, 86, 3], [56, 116, 2], [118, 16, 1]

Currently head is positioned at sector number 100 of cylinder 80, and is moving towards higher cylinder numbers. The average power dissipation in moving the head over 100 cylinders is 20 milliwatts and for reversing the direction of the head movement once is 15 milliwatts. Power dissipation associated with rotational latency and switching of head between different platters is negligible.

The total power consumption in milliwatts to satisfy all of the above disk requests using the Shortest Seek Time First disk scheduling algorithm is ______ .

A	85
B	86
C	87
D	88

Operating-Systems Disk-Scheduling Gate 2018

Question 2 Explanation:

From the above 36 no. question we are getting
→ A storage disk - 4 platters(0, 1, 2 & 3), Cylinder - 200 (0, 1, …, 199) , 256 sector per track.
In the above question the disk requests are given in the form of 〈sector no, cylinder no, platter no〉.
In SSTF (Shortest Seek Time First) Disk Scheduling algo, requests having shortest seek time are executed first.
So, the seek time of every request is calculated in advance in queue and then they are scheduled according to their calculated seek time. Head is positioned at 80 and moving towards higher cylinder no.

Head Movement in SSTF = (86 – 80) + (86 – 72) + (134 – 72) + (134 – 16) = 200
P₁: Power dissipated by 200 movements = 0.2 * 200 = 40 mW
Power dissipated in reversing Head direction once = 15 mW
No. of times Head changes its direction = 3 P₂: Power dissipated in reversing Head direction = 3 * 15 = 45 mW
Total power consumption is P₁ + P₂ = 85 mW

Question 3

Consider a disk queue with requests for I/O to blocks on cylinders 47, 38, 121, 191, 87, 11, 92, 10. The C-LOOK scheduling algorithm is used. The head is initially at cylinder number 63, moving towards larger cylinder numbers on its servicing pass. The cylinders are numbered from 0 to 199. The total head movement (in number of cylinders) incurred while servicing these requests is ___________.

A	346
B	347
C	348
D	349

Operating-Systems Disk-Scheduling 2016 set-01

Question 3 Explanation:

From the question, we got the following information.
I/O to blocks on cylinders 47, 38, 121, 191, 87, 11, 92, 10.
C-LOOK scheduling algorithm is used.
Head is initially at cylinder number 63.
First start from 63
63 → 87 → 92 → 121 → 191 = 24 + 5 + 29 + 70 movements = 128
191 → 10 movements = 181
10 → 11 → 38 → 47 = 1 + 27 + 9 movements = 37
Total = 128 + 181 + 37 = 346

Question 4

Suppose the following disk request sequence (track numbers) for a disk with 100 tracks is given: 45, 20, 90, 10, 50, 60, 80, 25, 70. Assume that the initial position of the R/W head is on track 50. The additional distance that will be traversed by the R/W head when the Shortest Seek Time First (SSTF) algorithm is used compared to the SCAN (Elevator) algorithm (assuming that SCAN algorithm moves towards 100 when it starts execution) is _________ tracks.

A	10
B	11
C	12
D	13

Operating-Systems Disk-Scheduling GATE 2015 (Set-01)

Question 4 Explanation:

SCAN:

∴ Total head movements,
= 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 55 + 20 + 5 + 10
= 140
SSTF:

∴ Total head movements
= 5 + 15 + 10 + 10 + 65 + 5 + 10 + 10
= 130
∴ Additional distance that will be traversed by R/W head is
= 140 - 130
= 10

Question 5

Suppose a disk has 201 cylinders, numbered from 0 to 200. At some time the disk arm is at cylinder 100, and there is a queue of disk access requests for cylinders 30, 85, 90, 100, 105, 110, 135 and 145. If Shortest-Seek Time First (SSTF) is being used for scheduling the disk access, the request for cylinder 90 is serviced after servicing ____________ number of requests.

A	3
B	4
C	5
D	6

Operating-Systems Disk-Scheduling GATE 2014(Set-01)

Question 5 Explanation:

90 is serviced after servicing three requests, i.e.,
100 → 105 → 110 → 90

Question 6

The head of a hard disk serves requests following the shortest seek time first (SSTF) policy. The head is initially positioned at truck number 180. Which of the request sets will cause the head to change its direction after servicing every request assuming that the head does not change direction if there is a tie in SSTF and all the requests arrive before the servicing starts?

A	11, 139, 170, 178, 181, 184, 201, 265
B	10, 138, 170, 178, 181, 185, 201, 265
C	10, 139, 169, 178, 181, 184, 201, 265
D	10, 138, 170, 178, 181, 185, 200, 265

Operating-Systems Disk-Scheduling Gate 2007-IT

Question 6 Explanation:

Hence, correct option is (B).

Question 7

The head of a hard disk serves requests following the shortest seek time first (SSTF) policy. The head is initially positioned at track number 180. What is the maximum cardinality of the request set, so that the head changes its direction after servicing every request if the total number of tracks are 2048 and the head can start from any track?

A	9
B	10
C	11
D	12

Operating-Systems Disk-Scheduling Gate 2007-IT

Question 7 Explanation:

We need two conditions to satisfy:
1) The alternating direction with SSTF policy.
2) Maximize the no. of requests.
The first condition can be satisfied by not having two requests in the equal distance from the current location. As shown below, we must not have request located in the circle marked positions.
Now to maximize the no. of request we need the requests to be located as compact as possible, which can be done by just placing the request in the next position after the circle marked position in particular direction (the direction in which the head need to move).
Now to satisfy the 1^st criteria:

Seek length sequence for maximum cardinality and alternating head movements:
→ 1, 3, 7, 15, ...
→ or, 2¹-1, 2²-1, 2³-1, 2⁴-1, ...
→ We have 2048 tracks so, maximum swing (seek length) can be 2047.
→ Which corresponds to a seek length of 2¹¹-1 in the 11^th service.

Question 8

Consider an operating system capable of loading and executing a single sequential user process at a time. The disk head scheduling algorithm used is First Come First Served (FCFS). If FCFS is replaced by Shortest Seek Time First (SSTF), claimed by the vendor to give 50% better benchmark results, what is the expected improvement in the I/O performance of user programs?

A	50%
B	40%
C	25%
D	0%

Operating-Systems Disk-Scheduling Gate-2004

Question 8 Explanation:

There is no improvement in the I/O performance.
→ The better vendor benchmark results doesn't effects the I/O performance.
→ In FCFS (or) SSTF only one choice is to choose for IO from multiple IO's. There is always one I/O at a time.

Question 9

A unix-style I-node has 10 direct pointers and one single, one double and one triple indirect pointers. Disk block size is 1 Kbyte, disk block address is 32 bits, and 48-bit integers are used. What is the maximum possible file size?

A	2²⁴ bytes
B	2³² bytes
C	2³⁴ bytes
D	2⁴⁸ bytes

Operating-Systems Disk-Scheduling Gate-2004

Question 9 Explanation:

Maximum size of file = 10 Direct + 1 Single Indirect + 1 Double Indirect + 1 Triple Indirect
= 10 + 2⁸ + (2⁸)² + (2⁸)³
= 2²⁴ Blocks (App)
Size of each block = 2¹⁰
Maximum file size = 2²⁴ × 2¹⁰ = 2³⁴

Question 10

Using a larger block size in a fixed block size file system leads to

A	better disk throughput but poorer disk space utilization
B	better disk throughput and better disk space utilization
C	poorer disk throughput but better disk space utilization
D	poorer disk throughput and poorer disk space utilization

Computer-Organization Disk-Scheduling Gate-2003

Question 10 Explanation:

While using a larger block size means that contains less number of blocks then that results better throughput. This can be implemented in a fixed block size then the space utilization is not upto the mark. So the statement results better disk throughput but poorer disk space utilization.

Question 11

Which of the following disk scheduling strategies is likely to give the best through put?

A	Farthest cylinder next
B	Nearest cylinder next
C	First come first served
D	Elevator algorithm

Operating-Systems Disk-Scheduling Gate-1999

Question 11 Explanation:

Farthest cylinder next - Longest job first
Nearest cylinder next - SSTF
First come first served - FCFS
Elevator - SCAN
SSTF always serves the request of nearest cylinder first. Due to which the necessary movement gets reduced.

Question 12

Where does the swap space reside?

A	RAM
B	Disk
C	ROM
D	On-chip cache

Computer-Organization Disk-Scheduling Gate-2001

Question 12 Explanation:

Swap space is an area on disk that temporarily holds a process memory image.
When memory is full and process needs memory, inactive parts of process are put in swap space of disk.

There are 12 questions to complete.